Assessment of prevalence and distribution of congenital missing teeth among patients visiting tertiary care hospital: A radiographic study.

Introduction: Dental Agenesis is the usual developmental dental anomaly involving both primary and permanent dentition but most commonly it affects the permanent teeth. Genetic mutations in genes like MSX, PAX9,TGFA and AXIN2 are the likely primary contributors to tooth agenesis. Identifying the prevalence and distribution of congenital missing teeth allows for early detection and intervention which is crucial for preventing or mitigating potential dental issues that may arise due to missing teeth. Aim & objectives: To assess the prevalence and distribution of congenitally missing teeth across different quadrants of the jaw among patients visiting to the Dental out patient department at Tertiary Care Centre of Lucknow city. Material & method: A Questionnaire and orthopantomogram based cross-sectional study was conducted on both male and female patients aged between 15 and 30 years, coming for evaluation of their dental health problems to the hospital. Written informed consent was obtained. Results: The overall prevalence of CMT was found to be 33.3 %. The significant difference was observed in proportion of CMT between Maxilla and Mandible sites (p = 0.008). Higher prevalence was in females compared to males for both maxillary and mandibular congenital missing teeth. (p = 0.020). Conclusion: The most common CMT were third molars followed by lateral incisors. The insights derived from the study would aid dental professional in gaining a deeper comprehension of tooth agenesis.

Elevating Educational Research: A Focus on Objectives, Operations, and Outcomes Model.

The Triple "O" model in educational research, meaning the Objectives, Operations, and Outcomes model, is a plan to dive into how research works. Objectives are the reasons for this research, directing what researchers aim to explore. Operations focus on transforming these reasons into actual steps; they navigate the methods for gathering information. As for the Outcomes, they represent significant shifts resulting from the research, such as improved methods of teaching or students achieving their educational targets with better learning outcomes. Using the Triple "O" model, researchers are expected to explore educational research and studies significantly and effectively. This model provides a clear plan on how to conduct research and pay attention to the results. It is ready to change the whole scene of educational research and make good, important differences in learning.

Physiological and molecular insights into the allelopathic effects on agroecosystems under changing environmental conditions.

Allelopathy is a natural phenomenon of competing and interfering with other plants or microbial growth by synthesizing and releasing the bioactive compounds of plant or microbial origin known as allelochemicals. This is a sub-discipline of chemical ecology concerned with the effects of bioactive compounds produced by plants or microorganisms on the growth, development and distribution of other plants and microorganisms in natural communities or agricultural systems. Allelochemicals have a direct or indirect harmful effect on one plant by others, especially on the development, survivability, growth, and reproduction of species through the production of chemical inhibitors released into the environment. Cultivation systems that take advantage of allelopathic plants' stimulatory/inhibitory effects on plant growth and development while avoiding allelopathic autotoxicity is critical for long-term agricultural development. Allelopathy is one element that defines plant relationships and is involved in weed management, crop protection, and microbial contact. Besides, the allelopathic phenomenon has also been reported in the forest ecosystem; however, its presence depends on the forest type and the surrounding environment. In the present article, major aspects addressed are (1) literature review on the impacts of allelopathy in agroecosystems and underpinning the research gaps, (2) chemical, physiological, and ecological mechanisms of allelopathy, (3) genetic manipulations, plant defense, economic benefits, fate, prospects and challenges of allelopathy. The literature search and consolidation efforts in this article shall pave the way for future research on the potential application of allelopathic interactions across various ecosystems.

The Dual Importance of Virtual Reality Usability in Rehabilitation: A Focus on Therapists and Patients.

Virtual reality (VR) has advanced in medical education and rehabilitation from basic graphical applications due to its ability to generate a virtual three-dimensional (3D) environment. This environment is mostly used to practice professional skills, plan surgery procedures, simulate surgeries, display 3D anatomy, and rehabilitate various disorders. VR has transformed the field of rehabilitation therapy by providing immersive and engaging experiences that go beyond traditional bounds, significantly improving patient care and therapeutic results. Considering the direct impact of VR on the efficacy of the treatment for both therapists and patients, its dual significance for usability and user experience cannot be overstated. The purpose of this article is to determine the synergistic association between VR accessibility and the rehabilitation process, highlighting the significance of VR technology in designing the future of rehabilitation therapy and demonstrating how advancing VR technology can improve therapeutic outcomes despite overcoming obstacles encountered during VR usage. In conclusion, VR offers a personalized, efficient, interesting, and engaging rehabilitative environment for patients, while also assisting therapists in cultivating empathy and efficiency and encouraging innovative approaches in treatment procedures.

Social Media Impact on Self-Perceived Oral Health Practices Among Patients Visiting Tertiary Care Hospital in Lucknow: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Social media is widely used in the medical field, and people often utilize it to learn about their symptoms prior to consulting with a healthcare professional. Hence, the study aims to investigate the influence of social media on self-perceived oral health practices among patients. Methodology A cross-sectional study design was adopted, with a questionnaire comprising 15 closed-ended questions. The sample size was estimated to be 451 participants based on the findings from the pilot study. The face validity of the questionnaire was assessed by a subject matter expert (0.83%), and the reliability was measured using Kappa statistics (0.86). The percentile was determined to assess the overall self-perceived oral health practices of the participants. The data was analyzed using descriptive analysis, chi-square test, and multivariate regression analysis at statistical significance (p ≤ 0.05). Results The majority of participants belonged to urban areas (66.5%), with an average age of 38.19 ± 6.70. The participants in urban 184 (61.3%) and rural 102 (67.5%) believed that social media provided better knowledge regarding oral health, which was statistically significant (p = 0.046). The majority of the participants, 267 (59.2%), spent more than 30 minutes to three hours per day on social media. It was found that participants who possessed professional occupations had increased odds of having good oral health practices on social media (p = 0.043). Conclusion The participants believed that social media provided better knowledge regarding oral health, and self-perceived practices among the participants were found to be poor. Social media platforms provide new educational possibilities in the dentistry sector, but their potential is neglected and unappreciated.

Bridging, Mapping, and Addressing Research Gaps in Health Sciences: The Naqvi-Gabr Research Gap Framework.

Innovations pertaining to the ever-evolving needs of the medical and healthcare sciences remain constant. This creates a gap between the rationalized needs of the study and the proposed research question. However, classifying, identifying, and addressing these research gaps require a systematic and precise structured map. Using the Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms "Research Gaps" AND "Healthcare" AND "Framework" in MEDLINE, Scopus, and CINAHL databases with the filters yielded no relevant literature. Therefore, this review aims to fill this practical and clinical knowledge gap by developing the Naqvi-Gabr Research Gap Framework through critical synthesis based on extensive research on medical and healthcare research gaps. Fourteen research gaps are distributed for allocation as per the healthcare delivery system approach: developing new treatments or prevention strategies, improving diagnostic tools and techniques, addressing health disparities, and improving access to healthcare services. This structured framework determines the strategic mapping of research gaps corresponding to the nature of the research. The identification and classification of the appropriate research gap led to precise and concise conclusions corresponding to the research process proposed in this study. Hence, the Naqvi-Gabr Research Gap Framework is a valuable tool for determining the potential application of gaps by researchers, policymakers, and other stakeholders with a productive address.

Evaluation of Correlation between Residual Ridge Resorption and Diabetes Mellitus.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and the disintegration of the residual alveolar ridge. Methods and Materials: The study sample comprises 144 participants (64 diabetics and 80 controls). Each participant had their orthopantomagram (OPG) taken. Considering the mandibular foreman (MF) and the lower border of mandible in OPGs as landmarks, resorption of residual ridge (RRR) in mandible was evaluated. Results: The resorption in diabetic study participants was 36.9%, while it was 19.1% in the healthy control study participants. The RRR in the diabetic group was greater than the control group (P = 0.0039). Conclusion: The resorption of RRR was greater in diabetic patients.

Link between individual resilience and aggressiveness in dental students and the mediating effect of spirituality: A path analysis.

BACKGROUND: The role of spirituality in people's lives, particularly the lives of health professionals, as well as its impact on mental health issues like anger and aggressiveness and resilience, are particularly significant. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the link between the propensity for violence and personal resilience in dental students by taking into account the function of spirituality as a mediator. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional questionnaire survey, 211 volunteer dentistry students participated from a government institute in Jammu and Kashmir, India using a stratified sample procedure. The Spiritual Orientation Scale, Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire, and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale were used to gather the data. SPSS version 20.0 was used for conducting a bivariate analysis to ascertain the directionality connection between the research variables. In addition; structural equation modelling analysis was conducted by Smart PLS. RESULTS: According to the findings, resilience and spirituality have a substantial and positive link (r = 0.468 r = 0.023). Aggressiveness and resilience revealed a statistically significant inverse link (r = 0.325, P = 0.04), but aggression and spirituality had no significant correlation. Spirituality played a substantial mediation influence in the indirect pathway of violence on resilience (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: According to the study's findings, spirituality can help pupils become more resilient as individuals and can act as a helpful intermediary between aggressiveness and resilience.

Unveiling the Intricacies: A Comprehensive Review of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Assessment of T2-Weighted Hyperintensities in the Neuroimaging Landscape.

T2-weighted hyperintensities in neuroimaging represent areas of heightened signal intensity on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, holding crucial importance in neuroimaging. This comprehensive review explores the T2-weighted hyperintensities, providing insights into their definition, characteristics, clinical relevance, and underlying causes. It highlights the significance of these hyperintensities as sensitive markers for neurological disorders, including multiple sclerosis, vascular dementia, and brain tumors. The review also delves into advanced neuroimaging techniques, such as susceptibility-weighted and diffusion tensor imaging, and the application of artificial intelligence and machine learning in hyperintensities analysis. Furthermore, it outlines the challenges and pitfalls associated with their assessment and emphasizes the importance of standardized protocols and a multidisciplinary approach. The review discusses future directions for research and clinical practice, including the development of biomarkers, personalized medicine, and enhanced imaging techniques. Ultimately, the review underscores the profound impact of T2-weighted hyperintensities in shaping the landscape of neurological diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment, contributing to a deeper understanding of complex neurological conditions and guiding more informed and effective patient care.

A Case of Steroid-Induced Gastric Perforation in a Ten-Year-Old Child.

Gastric perforation is a rare yet critical clinical disorder that demands prompt medical attention. Gastric ulcers often manifest on the anterior wall of the stomach, underscoring the importance of early detection for an improved prognosis. This study delves into a specific case, shedding light on a 10-year-old male child diagnosed with steroid-induced gastric perforation. The diagnosis was established through a meticulous examination of the clinical history and a plain abdominal X-ray, culminating in a timely and decisive surgical intervention for repair.

The rigidity and chelation effect of ligands on the hydrogen evolution reaction catalyzed by Ni(II) complexes.

With increasing interest in nickel-based electrocatalysts, three heteroleptic Ni(II) dithiolate complexes with the general formula [Ni(II)L(L')2] (1-3), L = 2-(methylene-1,1'-dithiolato)-5,5'-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione and L' = triphenylphosphine (1), 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (DPPF) (2), and 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (DPPE) (3), have been synthesized and characterized by various spectroscopic techniques (UV-vis, IR, 1H, and 31P{1H} NMR) as well as the electrochemical method. The molecular structure of complex 2 has also been determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The crystal structure of complex 2 reveals a distorted square planar geometry around the nickel metal ion with a NiP2S2 core. The cyclic voltammograms reveal a small difference in the redox properties of complexes (ΔE° = 130 mV) while the difference in the catalytic half-wave potential becomes substantial (ΔEcat/2 = 670 mV) in the presence of 15 mM CF3COOH. The common S^S-dithiolate ligand provides stability, while the rigidity effect of other ligands (DPPE (3) > DPPF (2) > PPh3 (1)) regulates the formation of the transition state, resulting in the NiIII-H intermediate in the order of 1 > 2 > 3. The foot-of-the-wave analysis supports the widely accepted ECEC mechanism for Ni-based complexes with the first protonation step as a rate-determining step. The electrocatalytic proton reduction activity follows in the order of complex 1 > 2 > 3. The comparatively lower overpotential and higher turnover frequency of complex 1 are attributed to the flexibility of the PPh3 ligand, which favours the easy formation of a transition state.

Role of Multidetector Computed Tomography Urography in the Evaluation of Obstructive Uropathy: A Review.

Obstructive uropathy, a prevalent clinical problem, can irreparably harm the kidneys if not treated promptly. As a result, accurate diagnosis is necessary for prompt management. This study examines the utility of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) urography in identifying obstructive uropathy. PubMed, Google, Embase, Medline, and other electronic databases were used to search the English-language literature. The search phrases were obstructive urinary infections or urinary bladder or kidneys or MDCT. The authors' expertise and experience in the subject area aided in archiving pertinent publications. Even though the dilated upper tract of the ureters can be seen, ultrasonography (USG) has limitations because it cannot show the middle portion of the ureters, even if they are dilated mostly due to bowel gas artifacts. The USG does not emphasize the functioning of the renal tract. To evaluate obstructive uropathy, MDCT urography plays a very important role. For speedy, effective therapy, it provides a quick diagnosis of the source of obstruction.

The Spectrum of Shoulder Pathologies on Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Pictorial Review.

Patients present to the orthopedic outpatient department with complaints of shoulder pain on movement or restriction of movement in the shoulder joint and are referred for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the shoulder joint. Almost all the patients have similar complaints but may have a wide range of pathology affecting the joint and causing pain. Rotator cuff tears or tendinopathy are the most common causes of shoulder pain. Ultrasound (USG) and MRI are the most commonly used imaging modalities for assessing rotator cuff pathologies. There is a wide range of pathologies affecting the shoulder joint, other than rotator cuff tendinopathies or tears, for which USG is less sensitive and specific in detecting accurate pathology. MRI is the choice of imaging for shoulder joint pathologies. We present a pictorial review discussing and depicting MRI features of a wide list of pathologies of the shoulder joint complex that should be kept in mind when the patient presents with shoulder pain.

Post-traumatic Ruptured Scrotal Collection: Pyocele or Hematocele?

Ultrasound is the modality of choice for detecting the causes of acute scrotal pain and diagnosing scrotal pathologies. Pyocele is a term used for describing the purulent fluid collection in the scrotal sac, which may present to the hospital as a complication of testicular abscess, epididymal-orchitis, or post-trauma. Ultrasound is the modality of choice for diagnosing such pathologies. The presented case is of a young male from rural India who developed a pyocele post-trauma and underwent an ultrasound examination, where it was found to be a ruptured pyocele with contents spreading into the hemi-scrotum. Rupture of the tunica is frequently associated with the hematocele; however, pyocele is less commonly associated with rupture. The case report discusses the causes of pyocele, imaging features, management, and complications of this pathology along with other possible differential diagnosis.

Assessment of Embrace-WetBond and Fissurit F Pit and Fissure Sealants' Marginal Sealing Abilities.

Objectives: The goal of the current research was to assess marginal sealing abilities of 2 commercial pit and fissure sealants. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 premolar teeth were equally classified into 2 groups: Group A-application of Embrace-WetBond sealant and Group B-application of Fissurit F, Voco sealant. After sealant placement, samples were preserved in artificial saliva for 48 hours prior to thermocycling. Later, samples were submerged for 24 hours in a 2% methylene blue solution. The amount of microleakage based on the quantity of dye penetration at interface between the tooth substance and sealant was compared under an optical stereomicroscope. The obtained data were statistically analysed for the dye penetration scores in both groups. Result: It was observed that 8 samples from Group A (53%) had no dye penetration (Grade 0), whereas 4 samples from Group B (26%) showed Grade 0 penetration. In 5 out of 15 samples (33%) from Group B, the dye penetration was the greatest (Grade 3; P = 0.012). Conclusion: It was concluded that Embrace-WetBond had lesser microleakage compared to group 2-Fissurit F, Voco sealant.

Wandering Fibroid in a Post Menopausal Woman From Rural India: A Case Report.

Fibroids, also known as uterine leiomyomas, are the most common solid benign lesions of the uterus. Fibroids are responsive to hormones and are stimulated by estrogens and commonly grow during pregnancy and involute as menopause progresses. The treatment is mostly conservative. When symptomatic, the treatment requires surgical intervention. We present a case of a 72-year-old post-menopausal female with a large, calcified parasitic fibroid, an extremely rare variant of uterine leiomyoma occurring outside the uterus. The number of cases reported about this pathology is minimal.

A protocol for the development of PhyCaRe: An extension of the CARE guideline for physiotherapy using the Delphi method.

Background: Case reports are one of the important forms of documentation and publication of clinical physiotherapy presenting the first line of evidence in scientific literature. In order to provide a systematic and precise structure for reporting and presenting cases, the CARE guidelines were established in 2013. However, these guidelines present limitations as while reporting require items of specific specialties following the checklist. Authors from different specialities have developed CARE extensions specifying the characteristic features of corresponding fields, however, an extension dealing with physiotherapy assessment and line of management in the CARE guidelines is proposed as PhyCaRe. Method: After consulting with the advisors, a draft will be prepared of the specific elements that should be included in the PhyCaRe using web Delphi methodology considering CARE statement as the source and SurveyMonkey will be used to undertake the web Delphi questionnaire. The web Delphi methodology will be assumed for three rounds and will be open to physiotherapists and others with substantial experience in reviewing case reports. Subsequently, an online consensus meeting, pilot testing, and submission of the CARE extension for physiotherapy will be conducted for publication. Dissemination: The 2010 "Guidance for Developers of Health Research Reporting" and instructions from the EQUATOR Network will be followed in the preparation of PhyCaRe guidelines. The guidelines will be propagated at different platforms and journals will be requested to adopt the guidelines. Registration: The reporting guideline under development is prospectively registered on the EQUATOR Network website on PhyCaRe - Reporting guideline for physiotherapy case reports.

Role of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient in Evaluating Degeneration of the Intervertebral Disc: A Narrative Review.

Degeneration of the lumbar intervertebral disc is the most common cause of lower back pain. It is directly related to daily activities, mechanical stress, and other biological factors. We use imaging modalities to assess the degree of disc degeneration, out of which magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most popular non-invasive modality. It is believed that early changes in disc degeneration are due to the biochemical events in the disc and can be evaluated by sequences in MRI involving the diffusion of water molecules. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) is one such sequence that captures the signals based on the diffusion of water molecules. Ten articles were chosen from PubMed and Google Scholar using the MeSH terms 'lumbar spine degeneration' and 'apparent diffusion coefficient'. This review article has summarized various studies intending to gain a better understanding of the biochemical events leading to the development of disc degeneration. This study has also gathered the role of various sequences in MRI that can quantitatively assess disc degeneration.